Core Algorithm Components

    1. Iris Detection

    • Uses grayscale image processing to locate the iris boundary

    • Employs a circle-scoring algorithm that searches for the strongest edge gradient

    • Two-pass detection: coarse search followed by fine refinement

    • Returns center coordinates, radius, and confidence score

    1. Pupil Detection

    • Searches within the inner portion of the detected iris

    • Uses adaptive thresholding based on the darkest 30% of pixels

    • Fits an ellipse to the dark region using covariance matrix eigenvalue decomposition

    • Extracts boundary points by ray-casting from center outward

    • Returns center, major/minor axes, orientation angle, and boundary points

    1. Pupil Boundary Analysis

    • Analyzes 72 boundary points (every 5 degrees) around the pupil edge

    • Calculates deviation from the average radius at each clock position

    • Groups deviations by clock hour (12 zones)

    • Identifies flattenings (inward deviations) and protrusions (outward deviations)

    1. ANW (Autonomic Nerve Wreath) Detection

    • Searches for gradient changes between pupil edge and mid-iris

    • Identifies the collarette boundary

    • Calculates ANW ratio relative to iris diameter

    • Algorithm updates include:

    • SHIFTS (Drawing Out)
      Which zone the collarette bulges toward
      Clinical correlation based on Velhover

    • CONSTRICTIONS (Drawing In) Frontal zone constricted S: Middle-temporal shift. ← Drawing OUT (protrusion), S: Frontal and basal zones are constricted. ← Drawing IN (narrowing) (ML detected 78% of pathological cases!)
      Basal zone constricted
      Combined “Frontal and basal” pattern
      Both in Same Eye
      ANW Ratio – Bexel-compatible calculation (25-35% normal)
      ANW Form Type – Regular, Drawn In, Drawn Out
      ANW Asymmetry – Per-sector variance detection
      Zone Constrictions – “Frontal zone constricted” style reporting
      Pattern Correlation – Compare pupil and ANW findings by sector

Key Measurements Produced

Parameter Description Normal Range
P/I Ratio Pupil diameter as % of iris diameter 20-30%
Ellipseness Minor/major axis ratio >95% normal
Circularity How circular the pupil boundary is >95% normal
Decentralization Pupil center offset from iris center <5% normal
Deformation Maximum boundary deviation <5% normal
ANW Ratio Autonomic nerve wreath position 25-35% normal
     

Clinical Interpretation Features

Pupil Form Types applied in Velchover system (PupilMetrics Neuro Version)

    • Circle – Normal

    • Oval-Vertical – Circulatory cerebral disturbances with danger of hemorrhage

    • Oval-Horizontal – Depressive states, atherosclerosis, asthma predisposition

    • Oval-Diagonal – Urogenital system disturbances

    • Left Oblique Ellipse – Urogenital weakness, possible left side paralysis

    • Unilateral Ellipse – Nervous asthma, bronchus difficulties

    • Ventral Diverging Ellipse – Leg motility issues, nervous system disturbances

    • Frontal Diverging Ellipse – Brain insult risk, anxiety, muscle spasms

Decentration Patterns

    • Frontal – Mental/cerebral issues

    • Basal – Leg motility, nervous system

    • Nasal – Lung pathology (right eye) / Cardiac issues (left eye)

    • Temporal – Nephritis, orchitis, salpingitis

    • Middle-Nasal – Oxygen deficiency, cardiospastic risk

    • Upper-Nasal – Mental disorders, spinal irritation

    • And 8 more NEW machine learning directional patterns…

Zone-Specific Organ Associations

Each of the 8 pupil zones has specific organ associations for:

    • Flattenings – Indicating hypofunction/weakness

    • Protrusions – Indicating hyperfunction/irritation

· Shifts (e.g., “S: Middle-temporal shift.”)
· Constrictions (e.g., “Frontal zone constricted”)
· Form Type (Regular, Drawn In, Indented, Lacerated)
· Ratio Status (Spastic/Normal/Atonic)
· Asymmetry % with Normal/Pathology label
· Findings list

Main Application Features

Analysis Screen

    • Real-time eye validation before analysis

    • Progress indicator during processing

    • Displays all measurements with color-coded status

    • Shows organ associations for detected anomalies

    • Full descriptions for Pupil Form and Decentration Patterns

Reports Generated

    1. On-Screen Results – Interactive cards with expandable details

    1. TXT Report – Plain text with results section

    1. JSON Report – Structured data for integration/archival

    1. PDF Report – Professional formatted document with images

Additional Features

    • Now available in 15 languages

    • Age-based pupil size assessment

    • Bilateral comparison between eyes

    • Scan history with database storage

Iridology Chart Zone Overlay

 

When **Show zone overlay** is on, the iris photo on the results screen displays an interactive polar overlay. Each clock-hour sector is tappable:

– Tap any zone to open its detail panel showing all FLAT/PROT/ANW findings in that zone, the associated organ system, and a text field for **observer notes**.

– Each tapped zone is **automatically appended to the Observer Notes field** in the format `Zone Name — Organ System`. Tapping the same zone twice will not create a duplicate entry.

– Additional free-text commentary can be typed directly in the Observer Notes field alongside the auto-populated entries.

– Observer notes are included as a named section in both the TXT report and the PDF report under “Observer Notes / Zone Overlay”.

– Notes are session-local — they are not stored in the database between sessions.

Iris Sign Finder (Add Finding)

Below the Observer Notes field, an **Add Finding** panel allows the practitioner to record structured iris sign observations for the currently selected zone. 

**Workflow:**

1. Tap any zone on the polar overlay — the zone name and organ system are displayed and locked.

2. Tap the amber **Add Finding** header to expand the panel.

3. Select an **Anomaly type** from the dropdown. Organ-specific types appear at the top of the list automatically:

| Anomaly type | Notes |

| **Stroma change** | Structural fibre changes; select a subtype |

| **Organic pigment spot** | Pigmentation deposits; auto-generates clinical conclusion |

| **Slagging** | Microcirculation / connective tissue changes; auto-conclusion |

| **Toxic radii** | Radial sulci patterns; select a subtype |

| **Heterochromia** | Pigmentation variations; select a subtype |

| **Scurf rim** *(lung zones only)* | Local intoxication indicator; auto-conclusion |

| **Adaptive rings / arcs** *(lung zones only)* | Bronchospastic predisposition; auto-conclusion |

| **Autonomous wreath anomaly** *(cardiac zones only)* | ANW irregularity in cardiovascular zones |

4. If the selected type has **subtypes**, tap the appropriate chip (e.g. *Lacunae*, *Hyperemic sulci*, *Sectoral hyperpigmentation*).

5. Types with known clinical significance display an automatic **Conclusion** text drawn from the iridology reference database.

6. Tap **Add to Notes** — a structured entry is appended to the Observer Notes field in the format:

  → Clinical conclusion text (if applicable)

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